Question by Student 200746306 Hi, professor If I don't late, I ask some question. We solve the problem entropy and P-V-T by assuming ideal gas. but assignment is non-ideal gas so, I can't use the these equations $$\Delta s= C_P \cdot \ln\left(\frac{T_2}{\rm T_1}\right) - R \cdot \ln \left( \frac{P_2}{\rm P_1} \right)$$ $$\frac{P_2}{\rm P_1}=(\frac{ρ_2}{\rm ρ_1})^γ$$ But, I see that the lecture note these equations is assumed constant mass, calorically perfect gas and thermally perfect gas. So, may be I can use this equation to solve the assignment 7 #4,#5?
 06.07.14
You can only use the two expressions you are mentioning when the gas is calorically perfect and thermally perfect... Unfortunately, when using the Van der Waal equation of state, the gas is not thermally perfect and the latter can not be used.. You need to find another way to solve the problem. I'll give you 1 point bonus boost for this question.
 Question by Student 201427145 In the example problem about Ideal gas law[Micro size, focusing on 1 particule, R=$\frac{{J}}{K*kg}$], we have used $$P=\rho RT,$$ to calculate $\xi$=$\frac{{Nq}}{4}$ [N=number density, q=speed] but there are another way using other form of Ideal gas law $$\xi=N\int_{x=0}^{infinite} \left({v_x}f(v_x) \right) dv_x=N{(\frac{{m}}{2\pi k_BT}})^{0.5}\int_{x=0}^{infinite} \left({v_x}e^\frac{{-mv^2_x}}{2k_BT} \right) dv_x=N(\frac{{k_bT}}{2\pi m})^{0.5}$$ Considering N form of Ideal gas law, $$P=Nk_bT, N=\frac{{P}}{k_BT}$$ $$\xi=\frac{{P}}{{{(2\pi mk_BT)}}^{0.5}}=\frac{{101300(\frac{{N}}{m^2})}}{{{(2\pi 0.028(\frac{{kg}}{mole})1.3806*10^{-23}(\frac{{J}}{K})*300(K))}}^{0.5}}=2.91*10^{27}(\frac{{particules}}{m^2s})$$ and there is about 9% error with Answer in class[It was 3.17*$10^{27}$] So I am wondering why there are error between the answer using another form of Ideal gas law. we regarded square root of q^2 as same for q ignoring 15%error in the class, Is that the cause? Can I seek the answer using the N form of ideal gas law ignoring some error?
 03.15.19
Yes you are correct. The 9% error comes from the fact that we assumed $\bar{q}\approx\sqrt{\overline{q^2}}$. Very good observation. But for completeness you should explain what the definition of $f(v_x)$ is.
 Question by Student 201427145 I'm sorry for omiting a explain about $f(v_x)$. It is a Maxwell velocity distribution function. Generally total number of molecules is so large and the velocity has a continuous distribution value. We can determine $\Delta$v very smaller(extremly to dv) to integrate the number of molecules between v and v + dv. Here, the ratio of molecules moving at the velocity between $v_x$ and $v_x+ dv_x$ along the x axis when the system consisting of N or more ideal gas molecules is in equilibrium thermally with the environment is as follows: $$\frac{{dN}}{N}=(\frac{{m}}{2\pi k_BT})^{0.5}e^{\frac{{-mc^{2}}}{2k_BT}}dv_x=f(v_x)dv_x$$ and we can define $f(v_x)=(\frac{{m}}{2\pi k_BT})^{0.5}$, Maxwell velocity distrubution function along x axis.
Great, this makes your previous post clearer!
 Question by Student 201327136 Professor, i have a question about Q5-a of Assign #1. There is a ppm in the script, but i can not definite that ppm is mole per mole or mass per mass or otherelse. Can you definite it?
 03.18.19
Parts per million of species X means number of molecules/atoms of species X per millions of molecules/atoms in the mixture.
 Question by Student 201427145 I would like to ask about applying polytropic process when I get the heat transferred to air in Assignment Q#6-(b). $\delta$Q, dV, dT, dP is not Zero. So I assumed it's a Polytropic Process that various processes were mixed. Given that $T_1$=294K, $V_1=0.0283m^2$, $V_2=0.038m^3$(It coule be induced through 6-(a)), $P_1=103kN/m^2, P_2=206kN/m^2, n_{air}$=1.2mole(From Ideal gas law), $C_{v.air}$=717J/kgK Definition of Polytropic Process: $P_1V_1^n=P_2V_2^n$---n=-2.352(It's negative) Ideal Gas Law-$PV=n\bar{R}T$:$T_2=\frac{P_2V_2}{n\bar{R}}$---$T_2=790K$ 1st Law of Thermodynamics:d(me)+PdV=$\delta$Q ($\delta$W=0 because it's frictionless) Recall, $PV^n=C(Polytropic), u=c_vT$(Calorically Perfect gas) and Integrate on both side: Q=$\int_{T_1}^{T_2}{mC_vdT}$+$\int_{V_1}^{V_2}{PdV}=mC_v(T_2-T_1)$+$\int_{V_1}^{V_2}{CV^{-n}}$ $\int_{V_1}^{V_2}{CV^{-n}}$=$\frac{P_2V_2^nV_2^{1-n}-P_1V_1^nV_1^{1-n}}{1-n}$=$\frac{P_2V_2-P_1V_1}{1-n}$ Q=$mC_v(T_2-T_1)$+$\frac{P_2V_2-P_1V_1}{1-n}$=1.2mole*0.029kg/mole*717J/kgK*(790K-294K)+$\frac{206kN/m^2*0.038m^2-103kN/m^2*0.0283m^2}{1+2.352}$=13874.7J It's 1.5% error with answer even though Polytropic exponent is negative. In the wikipedia, negative exponents reflect a process where work and heat flow simultaneously in or out of the system. For this reason, Can not I apply the polytropic process?
 03.25.19
It's a good effort but your solution and the answer are off. You can not assume $n$ is constant in this process for the air. As the heat is added, $n$ will vary. You need to rather set the pressure of the argon equal to the one of the air. If you assume a polytropic process for the air, I'll give you A0 at the most. Also, please use \$\$ instead of \$for long mathematical expressions — this will make your post easier to read.  Question by Student 201900041 Hello professor, I would like to ask you a question about assignement #4. In the question #6, it is asked to find the temperature at the exit of the duct and then the heat transfer. So I started with the conservation of energy equation but because it not equal to 0 (because of the heat) I suppose I have to find the temperature seperatly and then substitute it to equation in order to find the heat transfer. But I guess it can't be as simple as P = pRT. Could you give me a hint of the assumption that can be make ? Also, during the lecture, we only studied examples where the velocity of fluid was assumed as low, so it simplified a lot the equation (uniform property among the volume). But which speed do you consider as low and what is limit for which you can not do this assumption?  04.05.19 You should take into consideration kinetic energy (flow speed) when it's possible to do so. Thus, if there is enough information to determine velocity of the gas, then take into account kinetic energy. Otherwise, there is no choice but to neglect it.  Previous 1 ... 6 , 7 , 8 Next • PDF 1✕1 2✕1 2✕2 • New Question $\pi\$